Hospital Shorthand

This bonus material appears after the final examination. It is optional and unscored.

Roots are powerful, but hospital speech also runs on shorthand.

The following expressions are common in medical dramas and are better learned as whole units. Some are abbreviations, some are ordinary English used in a special way, and some are historical words that do not decode cleanly.

You do not need to memorize this list today. Use it as a subtitle companion.