| labor | physiologic process leading to birth |
| contraction | tightening of uterine muscle; context distinguishes labor from other contractions |
| delivery | birth of the baby and, in a broader clinical phrase, associated care |
| fetus | developing offspring after the embryonic period and before birth |
| placenta | organ connecting fetal and maternal circulation without directly mixing their blood under normal conditions |
| miscarriage | pregnancy loss before the threshold locally defined as stillbirth |
| C-section / cesarean section | surgical delivery through abdominal and uterine incisions |
| ectopic pregnancy | pregnancy implanted outside the usual uterine cavity |